# Separation & Filtration — RFQ template & spec checklist

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Separation and filtration equipment splits a stream by particle size, density, or molecular weight: disc-stack centrifuges and decanters, membrane systems from microfiltration through reverse osmosis, plate-and-frame and pressure-leaf filters, cross-flow units, and bag and cartridge housings for polishing. Plants shop this category to raise yield, clarify a product, concentrate before drying, recover a valuable fraction, or protect a downstream membrane. The economics hinge on flux decay, cleaning frequency, and how much product is lost to the reject stream, so a low equipment price can hide a high operating cost. Ask each supplier for a mass balance, not just a machine.

## What to include in your request
- [ ] Feed stream: flow rate, temperature, solids type and concentration, particle size distribution, and viscosity
- [ ] Separation goal: target clarity or turbidity, concentration factor, or a specific rejection and permeate spec
- [ ] Product value and the acceptable loss to reject, retentate, or filter cake
- [ ] Cleaning regime, chemistries, and temperatures the membranes or contact parts must tolerate
- [ ] 3-A conformance for separators, clarifiers, and product-contact housings in dairy or liquid-food duty
- [ ] Batch or continuous operation, expected run time between cleans, and available floor space
- [ ] Utilities: power, CIP supply, compressed air, and drain for backwash or desludge

## What drives the quote
- Technology type and hydraulic capacity
- Membrane area and element chemistry, or bowl size and the desludge mechanism
- Contact-part metallurgy and sanitary certification
- Automation: flux control, automatic desludge, CIP integration, and instrumentation
- Number of stages or skids and the degree of concentration required

## Common spec mistakes to avoid
- Sizing on clean-water flux and ignoring the real flux decay the actual feed causes
- Underestimating cleaning frequency, so the line cannot hit daily volume once fouling is real
- Overlooking product loss in the reject stream when comparing a cheap unit to a better-yielding one
- Feeding a membrane without adequate prefiltration, which shortens element life dramatically
- Not stating feed-solids variability, so the machine chokes on the worst incoming batch

## Lead time
Lead time depends on the technology and scale: a cartridge housing is quick, while a large disc-stack separator or a multi-skid membrane plant with custom elements runs much longer. Sanitary certification and exotic alloys add time.

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